We, the Gamedev.js Community (led by Andrzej Mazur from Enclave Games, creator of the js13kGames competition), were wondering what tools and technologies people use to develop web games, how much do they earn, what monetization strategies are they using, and more. There was almost no up-to-date, solid data on the topic, so we decided to ask the community directly and publish the results afterwards.
The Gamedev.js Survey 2021 was open between February 18th and March 18th, and the Report was published on March 25th 2021 - we received a total of 437 submitted results. You can also see the Report from 2022 if you'd like to compare the answers.
Thank you to every single one of you who sent a response, promoted the Survey through your community, or in any other way helped make it happen - we really appreciate it! You are free to use any data listed below, but please give credit and link to the original source when using it, thank you!
The survey received a total of 414 answers to this question, with top 10 being USA (14,5%), UK (8,9%), Russia (5,8%), Poland (5,8%), France (5,6%), Canada (4,1%), Germany (3,9%), India (3,6%), Netherlands (3,4%), and Spain (2,9%). There were 72 different countries selected, with many unique and exotic ones, which shows a good geographical diversity.
With 434 total answers, top responses were 26-35 (42,4%), followed by 36-45 (26%), 18-25 (18,2%), and 46-55 (6,5%). We had 6% of the responses from people below 18 years old, 0,9% of those 56-65, and none 66+.
Males are the majority with 90,3% of the 435 answers, followed by 4,4% from females, and 2,5% (11 responses) non-binary. Also, 2,8% (12 responses) preferred not to say.
More than one third of the 434 answers went for being employed (36,4%), followed by hobbyists (30,4%), those running their own businesses (16,1%) and freelancers (12,9%). There were a few answers about being a student, some professors and teachers as well, and even one "all of the above".
Out of 378 answers, 40,5% claim to be solo devs, with the second place being a team of 2-5 people (14,3%), and third 6-20 (12,7%). It's interesting to see the 1000+ companies taking fourth place with 11,1% answers.
Answers to this question were spread evenly: out of 424 replies, the most popular one was 6-10 years (23,8%). People having less than one year of work experience totaled up to 10,1%, and more than fifteen years to 16%.
Most popular answer among 434 replies was 1-2 (29,7%), with 0 being second (22,1%), and 3-5 third (20%). It might be a big surprise to see 96 game developers answer they haven't released a single game yet. On the other hand, 26 of the devs taking part in the survey (6%) released more than 50 games, wow!
There was 62,1% out of 435 answers for Windows, 23,9% for MacOS, and 11,3% for Linux. Other noticeable answers include "anywhere where the Web goes", and one for Chrome OS.
The sentiment is similar to the front-end development community: 70,7% for Chrome, 16,8% for Firefox, and then Edge (3,9%), Safari (3%), and Brave (2,8%), totaling in 434 answers. The long tail contained five people using Vivaldi and five as well using Opera (two of them - Opera GX specifically).
The most popular editor is definitely VS Code (58,5%) being in more than half of the answers, followed by WebStorm (7%) and Sublime Text (5,8%). There were 34 answers (7,9%) out of a total of 431 stating the person submitting the survey is not a coder. Single answers included Vim, Emacs, Nova, Monaco, and even... Dreamweaver.
The most popular answer was Webpack (20,6%), with "none" being the second (18%), and NPM the third (15,7%). There's a long tail of various tools people are using: from Snowpack, Haxe and Emscripten, through engine-specific tooling, to Bash.
More than three quarters of all the answers (76,5%) went for "myself", with only 12,4% having their own Quality Assurance team, and 4,6% not having tests at all. There were answers like community, automated and unit tests, continuous integration, friends, to "random kids".
A bit more than a half (57,5%) is programming in JavaScript, while 24,7% is doing that in TypeScript, and 8,3% are not coders. Other answers included Lua, Rust, Haxe, Dart, and even C/C#/C++ or jQuery.
In this multiselect question, Canvas and WebGL got the exact same number of answers (68,3%), with Local Storage being the third (49,9%), Web Audio (41,5%), and WebSocket (32,2%) closing top five. WebXR was picked by 5,8%, and Web Speech 4,2%. Among the other answers you could find WebGPU and Good Old Fashioned DOM (I bet that's the jQuery person).
The first place was taken by Phaser (36%), followed by "my own" (impressive 23,4%), and quite surprising - Unity (23%). Pixi.js was fourth (20,2%), and Construct fifth (13,7%). A long tail of answers included A-Frame, React, Roblox, Cocos2D, and even Kontra.js, Goodluck, or... Drupal.
Most of the graphic design assets are created by the developers themselves (43,4%), followed by having a designer in the team (31,9%), and downloading the assets from the Internet (20,5%). Other answers include hiring contractors and freelancers.
Given 375 answers to this question out of 437 submitted total, the most popular tool is definitely Photoshop (40,3%), with GIMP (13,1%), Aseprite (9,1%), and Inkscape (6,9%) right after. There's a whole variety of other tools used by the devs: they gave 68 different answers to this question!
Almost half of the sound and music assets are downloaded from the Internet (48,5%), while more than one fifth is created by the developers themselves (21,6%), and the third answer was having a producer in the team (17,9%). Freelancers were the most popular answer among the others.
Out of the 241 answers, almost half is using Audacity (47,7%), with the second Bfxr taking only 8,7%, and Audition 7,1%. There's a whole lot of tools to use as this question received a total of 67 different answers.
In this multiselect question we received a total of 398 answers, out of which the majority is earning money off of their salary (58,3%), while client work was second (21,4%), followed by advertisements within games in third (18,3%). Web Monetization is quite high on the list - 5th place with 37 answers (9,3%). Other options include "none", "my parents", donations, and teaching among the most popular ones.
It's quite sad to see the majority (58,5%) earning less than $1000 a year - that's 237 answers out of the 405 total. The rest of the answers were spread more or less evenly, including 7,2% (29 answers) earning $100k+ a year - those might be the ones that made more than 50 games, or are working for a 1000+ employee company.
Another multiselect question, with more than a half publishing on their own website (54,8%), where native marketplaces took 35,5%, and publishers 29,2%. The most popular other answers were Itch.io along with "nothing published", but also client websites.
Twitter is the most popular platform (62,6%), with Facebook (31,5%) and YouTube (29,8%) behind, while "none" selected 75 people (18,5%). Long tail include Discord, Reddit, Twitch, LinkedIn, Cinnamon, Telegram, and even TikTok.
It's really great to see more than 85% of all the 423 answers being positive about their happines and answering between 6 and 10. The happiest are 67 people (15,8%), while the most popular answer was 8 (30%), and only 8 people (1,9%) answered with 1 (if you did, please get in touch - we'd like to help!).
Out of the 210 answers to this open question, many mentioned lack of free time, but also missing motivation to start or finish the project, poor documentation, browser compatibility issues, need to support older devices, monetization struggles, lack of work-life balance, even depression, and much more. Those answers have to be studied more to help devs with their problems.
This was set up to receive anything related to the survey, and it was usually used to send good vibes our way, for which we're really thankful! Out of the 78 answers, some mentioned that the HTML5 game development is going in the right direction, some reiterated their struggles from the previous question, but in general the message was that we need to work as a community to make our lives easier, team up with random folks from the Internet, and build great games together.
Also, exactly 284 people out of those 437 left their email addresses to be notified about the results, which is cool!
Join Gamedev.js Jam 2023 for Web Game Developers happening online between April 13th and 26th 2023, hosted on Itch.io. There are prizes!
Thank you again for being involved! If you have any questions, feedback about the survey itself, or any other inquiries, please get in touch via email. You can also follow @Gamedevjs on Twitter, or join our Discord server.
Don't forget to take part in the Gamedev.js Jam 2021 and subscribe to the Gamedev.js Weekly newsletter as well, or even buy some cool swag at our Gamedev.js Shop!
This Survey in 2021 was supported by the Grant for the Web program.